Support for taxonomic data in systematics

The Systematics community works to increase our understanding of biological diversity through identifying and classifying organisms and using phylogenies to understand the relationships between those organisms. It has made great progress in the building of phylogenies and in the development of algorithms. However, it has insufficient provision for the preservation of research outcomes and making those widely accessible and queriable, and this is where database technologies can help. This thesis makes a contribution in the area of database usability, by addressing the query needs present in the community, as supported by the analysis of query logs. It formulates clearly the user requirements in the area of phylogeny and classification queries. It then reports on the use of warehousing techniques in the integration of data from many sources, to satisfy those requirements. It shows how to perform query expansion with synonyms and vernacular names, and how to implement hierarchical query expansion effectively. A detailed analysis of the improvements offered by those query expansion techniques is presented. This is supported by the exposition of the database techniques underlying this development, and of the user and programming interfaces (web services) which make this novel development available to both end-users and programs

Improved data retrieval from TreeBASE via taxonomic and linguistic data enrichment

Background: TreeBASE, the only data repository for phylogenetic studies, is not being used effectively since it does not meet the taxonomic data retrieval requirements of the systematics community. We show, through an examination of the queries performed on TreeBASE, that data retrieval using taxon names is unsatisfactory. Results: We report on a new wrapper supporting taxon queries on TreeBASE by utilising a Taxonomy and Classification Database (TCl-Db) we created. TCl-Db holds merged and consolidated taxonomic names from multiple data sources and can be used to translate hierarchical, vernacular and synonym queries into specific query terms in TreeBASE. The query expansion supported by TCl-Db shows very significant information retrieval quality improvement. The wrapper can be accessed at the URL http://spira.zoology.gla.ac.uk/app/tbasewrapper.php The methodology we developed is scalable and can be applied to new data, as those become available in the future. Conclusion: Significantly improved data retrieval quality is shown for all queries, and additional flexibility is achieved via user-driven taxonomy selection

PERSEPSI KONSUMEN MUSLIM TERHADAP PRODUK MS GLOW YANG BERSERTIFIKAT HALAL DI SURABAYA

AbstractMs Glow is a beauty product that already gained halal certification on their products. As Muslim consumers, we must be selective in choosing beauty product that will be used in daily and proper with Islamic law. This research used qualitative descriptive method that aimed to find out Muslim consumers’ perception towards halal certification of Ms Glow beauty product. The findings of this research indicate that Muslim consumers have two perceptions, which are care and care less about halal certification. Muslim consumers who care about it are consumers who need all of Ms Glow products labelled with halal certification on the packaging even though they do not use it. Whereas Muslim consumers who care less are consumers who does not concern about halal certification in all Ms Glow products, and they still use it. Keywords: Perception, Muslim Consumers, Halal Certification

PENGARUH KADAR SILIKA PADA AGREGAT HALUS CAMPURAN BETON TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUAT TEKAN

Beton umumnya tersusun dari tiga bahan penyusun utama yaitu semen, agregat, dan air. Jika diperlukan, bahan tambah (admixture) dapat ditambahkan untuk mengubah sifat-sifat tertentu dari beton yang bersangkutan. Pada umumnya, beton mengandung rongga udara sekitar 1% - 2%, pasta semen (semen dan air) sekitar 25% - 40%, dan agregat (agregat halus dan agregat kasar) sekitar 60% - 75%. Untuk mendapatkan kekuatan yang baik, sifat dan karakteristik dari masing-masing bahan penyusun tersebut perlu dipelajari. Dalam agregat terutama agregat halus memiliki sifat-sifat yang sangat mempengaruhi kuat tekan beton yaitu keras dan kuat, bersih, tahan lama, massa jenis tinggi, butir bulat, distribusi ukuran butir yang cocok. Selain itu, di dalam agregat halus terdapat kandungan senyawa SiO2 yang memberikan kontribusi dalam proses pengerasan maupun peningkatan kuat tekan pada beton. Salah satu upaya yang akan dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara besarnya kandungan senyawa SiO2 dalam agregat halus terhadap peningkatan kuat tekan beton adalah dengan dilakukannya suatu penelitian beton dengan menggunakan 3 kategori pasir yang memiliki kandungan senyawa SiO2 yang berbeda. Kategori pasir yang digunakan pada penelitian ini antara lain : pasir mundu (SiO2 > 40%), pasir cileungsi (SiO2 20% - 40%), pasir cianjur (SiO2 < 20%). Selain itu, untuk mendapatkan optimalisasi kuat tekan dari beton, diperlukan juga standarisasi kuat tekan karakteristik yaitu K300 (f’c = 250 kg/cm2). Hasil yang didapatkan pada pengujian kuat tekan beton yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 kategori pasir yang berbeda pada umur 7, 14, 21, 28 hari menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara besarnya kandungan senyawa SiO2 dalam pasir terhadap peningkatan kuat tekan beton. Walaupun demikian, hasil yang didapatkan pada pengujian kuat tekan beton dengan menggunakan campuran pasir yang mengandung senyawa SiO2 tidak begitu significant (pengaruhnya sangat kecil).Kata Kunci: Beton, agregat, Kuat tekan, SiO2

KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA SMP MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERNUANSA ETNOMATEMATIKA

Salah satu tujuan pembelajaran matematika yaitu agar siswa memiliki kemampuan penalaran matematis yang meliputi, memberi penjelasan menggunakan gambar, fakta, sifat, hubungan yang ada, memperkirakan jawaban dan proses solusi dan menggunakan pola hubungan untuk menganalisis, membuat analogi, generalisasi, dan menyusun serta menguji konjektur. Salah satu model dalam pembelajaran matematika yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis adalah Problem Based Learning (PBL). PBL bernuansa etnomatematika diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematisnya. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model PBL bernuansa etnomatematika. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan desain control group pre-test-post-test. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 50 siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 10 Banda Aceh. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan penalaran matematis. Data diperoleh dari pre-test dan post-test kemampuan penalaran matematis. Analisis data dilakukan dengan statistik uji-t satu pihak, yaitu uji pihak kanan dengan taraf signifikan ???? = 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan (dk) = 48. kriteria pengujian adalah tolak H0 jika thitung > ttabel, untuk harga t lainnya H0 diterima. berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh thitung= 9,44 dan ttabel= 1,68 atau thitung > ttabel. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima pada taraf signifikan ????=0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan model PBL bernuansa etnomatematika lebih baik dari siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional. Implikasi kajian yaitu pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika melalui model PBL bernuansa etnomatematika dapat diperluas pada materi matematika lain yang memiliki karakteristik vang sesuai. Hal ini penting dilakukan untuk membantu siswa agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menalar. Selain itu mereka mampu menjadikan matematika dekat dengan kesehariannya dan budaya yang ada pada daerahnya yang memiliki unsur-unsur matematika.kata kunci: Problem Based Learning (PBL), Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis, Etnomatematika

Exploring collaborative learning strategy performed by EFL students in writing short movie script: A case study in University Context

One of the language skills that students must learn when studying English is writing. However, some factors, such as a lack of vocabulary, a lack of understanding of grammar, and a lack of ability to express their ideas in writing skills, make it difficult for students to practice their writing skills. Collaborative learning is a method that is frequently used in learning English, especially in writing. Also, scriptwriting is beneficial in writing practice because it helps to vocabulary development and improves writing skills. This research aims to: 1) to explore how the students perform the collaborative learning strategy in writing a short movie script, 2) to find out the students perceive of the influence of the collaborative learning strategy on the process of writing a short movie script. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study design. Observation, interview, and document analysis were used to gain the data. Observation using the theory of Mulligan & Garofalo (2011) and document analysis using the theory of Darren (2019) and Miller (2016). The participants of this research were three students from class A in the English Education Department of the year 2019 who took the Prose and Drama Course at State Islamic University in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The findings reveal that collaborative learning in writing was conducted in five stages: brainstorming, outlining, drafting, revising, editing, and proofreading. Students are conscious of this process during collaborative writing, even though task roles are not specified but they learn to work together to complete short film scripts. And collaborative learning positively influences students because, with collaborative learning, students give each other ideas and suggestions and help each other, which improves the students’ writing process during collaboration. Thus, this research desired that a collaborative learning strategy can be used to improve students writing performance by sharing ideas with each other. Students who participate in collaborative writing learning more maximize their learning during the writing process by participating in discussions, offering ideas, providing help, and making suggestions, even better. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be used as a reference. Especially for English teachers to develop the student’s writing performance through collaborative learning

Assessment of somaclonal variation for salinity tolerance in sweet potato regenerated plants

Genetic variation is the source for plant breeding. Somaclonal variation is genetic variation induced during tissue culture and also during ordinary growth in vivo, and occurs rather, often in sweet potato. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of somaclonal variation in regeneration via somatic embryogenesis by phenotypic analysis under salinity stress condition and to assess the potential of somaclonal variation for development of salinity tolerant cultivar in sweet potato. The regenerated and control plants were evaluated under an established in vitro salinity screen system where media were supplemented with 0, 75, 150 and 200 mM of NaCl. The data for parameters (number of roots, length of roots, leaf and root condition) was recorded in three repeat tests. Data analysis suggested a significant variation in salinity tolerance among regenerated and control plants that proved the occurrence of somaclonal variation in regenerated plants. Despite none of the regenerated line was selected as a salt tolerant line, present study shows that regenerated plants exhibited somaclonal variation that can be utilized for selection of desired traits in sweet potato.Key words: Sweet potato, regeneration, somaclonal variation, salinity tolerance

The Effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x thin films

Thin films of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% with thickness (0.9±0.03)µm , had been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates at 573 K. These films were then annealed under low pressure of(10-2) mbar ,373)423&473)K for one hour . This research includes , studying the the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x-(SnS2)x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% .Moreover studying the effect of annealing on their optical properties , in order to fabricate films with high stability and transmittance that can be used in solar cells. The transmittance and absorbance spectra had been recorded in the wavelength range (310 - 1100) nm in order to study the optical properties . It was found that these films had direct optical band gap which decreases with the increasing SnS2 ratio , while it increasing with the increase in the annealing temperature at all rati

KUALITAS AIR DAN SEDIMEN DITINJAU DARI PARAMETER TEMBAGA (Cu) STUDI PADA AIR SUNGAI PANGKAJENE KABUPATEN PANGKEP

Sungai Pangkajene merupakan salah satu sungai di Kabupaten Pangkep yang digunakan untuk berbagai aktivitas masyarakat, juga digunakan sebagai tempat pembuangan limbah dari berbagai kegiatan manusia. Limbah yang masuk ke sungai akan mengakibatkan pencemaran sungai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam tembaga (Cu) yang terdapat pada air dan sedimen sungai Pangkajene. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Jumlah pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen sebanyak 5 titik dengan frekuensi waktu pengambilan sampel air, pagi dan sore hari sedangkan sampel sedimen diambil pada waktu siang hari. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah grab sampel. Sampel diperiksa dengan Spektofotometer Serapan Atom Varian Spectra 50 di Laboratorium Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan logam Tembaga (Cu) pada kelima titik pengambilan sampel air baik pagi dan sore hari berkisar antara 0,047-0,102 mg/l pagi hari dan 0,055-0,118 mg/l sore hari. Sehingga dinyatakan masih memenuhi Syarat-syarat Dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air Bersih, yakni < 1,0 mg/l berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan R.I No : 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990. Sedangkan pada sedimen berkisar antara 0,5371-0,8322 semuannya memenuhi standar, yakni < 9,8 mg/kg berdasarkan standar sediment quality guideline values for metals and associated levels of concern to be used in doing assessments of sediment quality Tahun 2003. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian bahwa kandungan logam berat Tembaga (Cu) pada sedimen lebih tinggi dari pada air. Namun keduanya masih memenuhi standar yang di tetapkan. Disarankan kepada masyarakat agar tidak membuang limbahnya langsung ke sungai untuk mengurangi tingkat pencemaran sungai. \ud Kata Kunci : Tembaga (Cu),Air,Sedimen,Sungai Pangkajen

Flow-Based Rules Generation for Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning Approach

Rapid increase in internet users also brought new ways of privacy and security exploitation. Intrusion is one of such attacks in which an authorized user can access system resources and is major concern for cyber security community. Although AV and firewall companies work hard to cope with this kind of attacks and generate signatures for such exploits but still, they are lagging behind badly in this race. This research proposes an approach to ease the task of rules generationby making use of machine learning for this purpose. We used 17 network features to train a random forest classifier and this trained classifier is then translated into rules which can easily be integrated with most commonly used firewalls like snort and suricata etc. This work targets five kind of attacks: brute force, denial of service, HTTP DoS, infiltrate from inside and SSH brute force. Separate rules are generated for each kind of attack. As not every generated rule contributes toward detection that's why an evaluation mechanism is also used which selects the best rule on the basis of precision and f-measure values. Generated rules for some attacks have 100% precision with detection rate of more than 99% which represents effectiveness of this approach on traditional firewalls. As our proposed system translates trained classifier model into set of rules for firewalls so it is not only effective for rules generation but also give machine learning characteristics to traditional firewall to some extent.&nbsp